A solid tumor that has not responded to previous treatment.
Age must be 6 months or older to younger than 18 years of age.
Disease must be measurable by accepted tests.
Availability of tumor tissue at study enrollment is mandatory.
Prior treatment with cobimetinib or other similar drug.
Treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue within 3 months prior to the study.

A diagnosis of leukemia, specifically de novo high B-ALL with eligible genetic changes.
Age must be greater than 1 year old and less than or equal to 21 years old at leukemia diagnosis.
Have completed an acceptable induction therapy either on study or by hospital standard of care.
Had any other chemotherapy before induction therapy, with exceptions.
Down Syndrome.

Parent of a child aged 5-12 with ADHD
Child must have mild to moderate symptoms of ODD
Not having a child ages 5-12 with ADHD
Non-English speaking
Child with ADHD has diagnosis of mental retardation or prominent traits of autism
No additional child in the family can be enrolled simultaneously in this study

Age: 24 Months
•6 Years
Confirmed Diagnosis of Autism or Developmental Delay or Healthy Child
Wards of the state
Underlying Seizure Disorder
Underlying Genetic Disorder

Adult caregiver of a child between the ages of 4 and 8
Adult caregiver is at least 18 years of age
Adult caregiver is the primary caregiver of the child.
Child has an autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or other developmental delay.

Between 13 and 17 years of age or still enrolled in high school
A primary diagnosis of Asperger's Syndrome or high-functioning autism, as confirmed by the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorders (CASD; Mayes, 2012)
English as primary language spoken
Ability to fluently speak in full sentences
A verbal IQ of 85 or above on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition (KBIT-2; Kaufman & Kaufman, 1990)
A significant language delay
Difficulty with aggression directed at peers
A primary thought disorder
A secondary disorder of anxiety or depression so severe as to prevent the individual's participation in the treatment
Low social motivation demonstrated through formalized assessment (SRS) and/or by responses given to screening interviews assessing treatment goals

Age 6 to 21 Inclusive
Cancer that has returned or is not responding to previous therapy
Has failed at least one prior therapy
Certain prior therapies

Ages 11-18
Reading at 5th grade level in English
Healthy controls OR high functioning Autism
Unable to read at 5th grade reading level
Under age 11 or over age 18
Cannot read English

Children ages 12-17 years with ADHD diagnosis
Participation in one intake appointment designed to determine eligibility for the study
Attend 9weekly visits for medication/ routine check
Current neurological disorder including seizure disorder or history of seizures
Allergy or history of allergy to viloxazine or related drugs

A diagnosis of pediatric cancer of varying types for which there is no known cure or disease that is not responding to treatment.
Must be over one year of age at enrollment.
Must be less than or equal to 21 years at initial diagnosis.
Must have measurable disease by accepted standards.
Tumor must be accessible for biopsy.
Has received chemotherapy within the last 7 days of biopsy.
Has received any radiotherapy to the primary sample site within the last 14 days.
Currently taking any other study drug.

Autism Spectrum Diagnosis
Ages 10-18
Speaks in full sentences
Can follow written and oral instructions
Can use a computer in a basic way
•click mouse for responses and use arrow keys on keyboard to navigate
Uncorrected vision or hearing problems
Seizures within last 2 years
Does not have minimum of 2nd grade reading level

Ages 0-21 years at the time of diagnosis.
Diagnosis of neuroblastoma or medulloblastoma.
Disease has not responded to previous treatment.
Disease is measurable bu accepted tests.
Patients who weigh less than 3.5 kg (7.7 lbs).
Currently receiving another study drug.
Currently receiving other anticancer agents.

A confirmed diagnosis of neuroblastoma.
Must be in complete remission (CR).
Tests and scans will be required to confirm remission.
Patients below the defined minimum of height and weight.
Patients who are currently receiving another study drug may not participate.
Patients who are currently receiving other anticancer agents may not participate.

Diagnosis of relapsed or refractory leukemia or solid timor.
Age 6 months to less than 30 years at enrollment.
Must be fully recovered from effects of previous treatment.
Life expectancy greater than or equal to 3 months.
Prior treatment with carfilzomib.
Known allergy to Captisol®.
Down syndrome.

New diagnosis of leukemia (de novo ALL) or lymphoma (T or B cell).
An acceptable planned induction chemotherapy.
One year of age and older to less than 18 years of age.
Able to take oral medication or have it given through a tube.
Had a blood clot in the past 3 months.
Known inherited bleeding disorder.

Must be older than 1 month of age.
Scheduled for a stem cell transplant and be at high risk of veno-occlusive disease.
Be at high risk of veno-occlusive disease.
Unstable blood pressure.
Episodes of bleeding.

infant is 4-months of age
infant born within +/- 3 weeks of due date
Infants without any serious medical complications
Infants of a healthy birth weight (>2500g; >5 lbs, 8 oz.)
infant older or younger than 4 months of age
infant not of healthy gestational age
infants <2500g; <5lbs, 8 oz at birth
Infants who experienced any serious medical complications

5 to 21 years of age
Seen in the Penn State Pediatric Concussion Clinic within 2 weeks of most recent concussion
Does not speak english
Periodontal disease
Ongoing seizure disorder, or other neurologic disorder
Drug or alcohol dependency
clinical diagnosis of severe TBI

12-16 years of age
Female gender
Female primary caregiver willing to participate
Established or suspect ADHD diagnosis
Younger than 12 years of age or older than 16 years of age
Male gender
No signs, symptoms, or diagnosis of ADHD
Diagnosis of Autism, schizophrenia, or intellectual disability disorder

African American or Black
Currently in Grade 9 or 10
Have access to the internet everyday afterschool
Not African American/Black
Does not have access to the internet afterschool
Not currently in Grade 9 or Grade 10

Ages 12--16 years
Fluent in English
No history of treatment for psychiatric disorders
Intellectual or developmental disabilities
Visual or hearing impairments
Inability to complete MRI scan due a pacemaker, aneurysm clips or any metal in body (e.g., braces, surgical devices)
Currently pregnant or lactating
Neurological disease (e.g., stroke, tumor, Parkinson’s disease, etc.)

New breastfeeding mother
ages 18-35
healthy baby < 7 days old
seeking care at a Penn State Pediatric Clinic
plan to move out of central PA within 1 year
plan to stop breastfeeding before baby is 4 months old

Child between the ages of 6 and 17
Child has a history of physical abuse, sexual abuse, or other type of maltreatment
Child displays posttraumatic stress symptoms
Primary caregiver willing to participate in treatment
Child has a developmental or intellectual delay.
Uncontrolled allergy to or fear of dogs on part of either the child or caregiver.
CHild or caregiver has a history of aggression toward animals

Children must be between the ages of 6-10 years-old at the time they participate in the phone screening.
All children will be physically healthy and without diagnosed learning disorders.
Children will be excluded if they are younger than age 6 or older than age 10 years.
Children will be excluded if they have a diagnosed learning disorder or are not physically healthy.

Children 8-13 years of age
Speak and understand English
Participation of a legal guardian
Intellectual or learning disability

Native English speaker
Normal vision and hearing (with correction)
Free of neuroneurologic, psychiatric, endocrinology disorders
Free of concussions with loss of consciousness
Family history of autism spectrum disorders (in parents or full siblings)
History of working with metal
Irremovable metallic implants in the body (e.g. braces)
Pregnancy
Weigh more than 250lbs or get claustrophobic in small spaces

Children between the ages of 5 and 12
Children diagnosed with ADHD or suspected ADHD Symptoms
Children who are able to stop ADHD medication for testing days
Parent/child fluent in English
Children younger than 5 year or older than 12 years
Children with a latex allergy
Children with visual or hearing deficits or sensitivity to loud noise
Neurological conditions such as active seizure disorder
Prominent traits or diagnosis of Autism, marked developmental delay, mania, psychoses, or suicidal ideation.

12-23 years old
<250 lbs
First-degree relative diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder
Less than 20/40 far acuity (corrected or uncorrected)
Neurological injury or disease
Pregnant women
Current substance dependence

Children aged 8-12
Children outside of the 8-12 age range
History of seizures or photic sensitivity

Medical assistance or low-income
child age 11 or 12 years
able to commit to two year study
able to read and write English
intellectual disability
cancer or congestive heart failure