Adults 40
•85 years of age
Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Taking both nintedanib and pirfenidone
Receiving prednisone >10mg daily
Using more than 4 liters of oxygen/min

Admission to ICU with acute risk factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Pneumonia, Aspiration, smoke inhalation, lung contusion, hypoxemia, intubation
shock
sepsis
pancreatitis
Vit. D deficiency
unable to take Vit D by mouth
blood Calcium levels > 10.2
known kidney stone in past 1 year
Do Not Rescusitate orders (DNR)
prisoner

over age 18
English speaking/reading
Books a medical appointment for upper respiratory tract infection
Patient took antibiotics in the past week
Patient participated in STUDY00012891 previously
Reason for medical visit is not upper respiratory tract infection
Patient is pregnant
Patient has a medical history that includes diagnosis of any intestinal related disease

40 years of age or older
Patient Group: Fibrotic lung disease with chronic cough symptoms or Idiopathic cough syndrome
Healthy Control Group: no cough (either chronic or acute)
Recent history of smoking (former smokers must be tobacco-free for at least 1 year)
History of (other) lung diseases
History of uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Use of exclusionary medications (i.e. steroids, ACE inhibitors, narcotics, cough suppressants)
History of uncontrolled post nasal drip

No prior systemic treatment for metastatic NSCLC.
Age ≥ 18 years on the day of signing the informed consent form
Histologically or cytologically documented locally advanced or recurrent NSCLC that is not eligible for curative surgery and/or definitive radiotherapy with or without chemoradiotherapy, or metastatic nonsquamous or squamous NSCLC.
ECOG Performance Status ≤ 1.
At least 1 measurable lesion as defined per RECIST v1.1.
Known sensitizing mutation in the EGFR gene or an ALK fusion oncogene.
Active autoimmune diseases or history of autoimmune diseases that may relapse.
Active leptomeningeal disease or uncontrolled, untreated brain metastasis
Patients with active hepatitis C.
Known history of HIV infection.

18 years of age or older
Have, or a high likelihood of having eosinophilic asthma
Have at least 2 asthma attacks requiring steroids in the past 12 months
Take daily inhaled corticosteroids
Women of childbearing potential must be on contraception
Participants who have received mepolizumab (Nucala), reslizumab (Cinqair/Cinqaero), or benralizumab (Fasenra) within the last 12 months
Participants who have received omalizumab (Xolair) or dupilumab (Dupixent) within last 130 days prior
Current smoker or history of smoking

Age 21 or older
Current tobacco user
Age less than 21

General population
Adult
Age below 18 years
Mentally impaired
Participants from Europe or European Union (EU)

Aged 50 years or older
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis
Receiving non-approved agents to treat IPF
Need for continuous oxygen supplementation >15 hours/day
Active lung or sinus infection
Active smoker
Hepatic impairment or end-stage liver disease

Adults 18 years or older at the time of signing the informed consent.
Have a documented diagnosis of asthma for 2 or more years.
Receiving either mepolizumab or benralizumab for 12 or more months prior to screening.
A well-documented requirement for regular treatment with medium to high dose inhaled corticosteroid in the 12 months prior to Visit 1 with or without maintenance oral corticosteroid.
Current treatment with at least one additional controller medication, besides an inhaled corticosteroids.
Concurrent respiratory disease
Eosinophilic diseases
Pregnancy
Current or former smokers with a smoking history of 10 or more years.
Active COVID-19 infection