Search Results Within Category "Mental & Behavioral Health"
A Review of the Carbon Labeling Landscape and Consumer Attitudes Towards Comparison Carbon Labeling Designs
A carbon label displays the carbon footprint of the product (a number, e.g., 1.18 kg CO2) and helps consumers understand the impact of the product on the environment. The purpose of this study is to understand Penn State students’ preferred method of carbon labeling for a senior thesis. The study will be conducted via a survey that takes less than 5 minutes and requires no personal identifying information.
The participants will complete one survey that takes less than 5 minutes to complete. The survey can be taken on a personal device or a Penn State computer.
The Effects of Aircraft Seat Width on Passenger Comfort
The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between aircraft seat width and passenger comfort. Airlines are reducing the sizes of seats and improving their ability to fly planes at or near capacity. The combined effect is to decrease the quality of the experience of passengers. This work will help us to understand the degree to which comfort has been reduced.
You must be a healthy adult aged 18 years or older.
Women, Opioid Use Disorder, and Criminal Justice: A Qualitative Study
Opioid-related overdose deaths and incarceration rates have skyrocketed and have disproportionately affected women. Despite having a higher burden of substance use disorders and HIV/AIDS than criminal justice-involved (CJI) men, CJI women are less likely to have access to substance use and HIV treatment. This qualitative study will conduct in-depth interviews with CJI women, MAT providers, and criminal justice professionals to identify facilitators and barriers to illicit opioid use cessation and related issues among CJI women.
substance use
opioid use
criminal justice
drug treatment
Trust in Machine Agents Under Realistic Threat
Measures of actual human-machine interaction are required to generate ecologically valid, translatable discoveries that enhance human-systems integration and performance. Here, the proposed methods center on human-robot decision tasks to assess key determinants of human trust in robot recommendations (e.g., factors such as threat-salience and/or robot appearance), and the concomitant impacts of trust on performance.
There will be one in person visit, you will be asked to interact with a robot in a virtual environment.
10
Must not be suffering from anxiety disorders and/or panic attacks.
Must not be suffering from any known heart conditions.
Must not, to your knowledge, be prone to nausea when experiencing VR
Suffers from anxiety disorders, suffers from heart conditions, prone to nausea when experiencing VR
Identification of Emotion in Music in Autism Spectrum Disorders
The purpose of the project is to learn more about reactions to music by adults with and without autism spectrum disorders. Participants will listen to short pieces of music and answer some questions on a computer. They will also complete some formal testing and answer some interview questions.
Normal or corrected to normal vision
Normal hearing
Individuals with and without an autism spectrum disorder or Asperger syndrome
Willing to consent and complete study requirements
Vision problems (uncorrected)
Hearing problems
Significant learning problems
Unwilling to consent or complete study requirements
Understanding the Well-being of Advanced Counseling Students of Color
The primary objective of this study is to increase our understanding of the ways in which perceived discrimination, coping strategies, competence, stress, social support, and self-efficacy in counselor education programs relate to overall well-being for advanced counseling students of color.
18 years of age or older
Capable of providing informed consent without the assistance of a legal guardian
Identify as a racial or ethnic minority
Able to understand written and spoken English at the time of the survey
Individuals who are not yet adults (infants, children, teenagers)
Healthy Mom Zone: Control Systems Engineering for Optimizing a Prenatal Weight Gain Intervention Study 2.0
The proposed overall research aims to establish feasibility of delivering an individually-tailored, behavioral intervention to manage gestational weight gain [GWG] that adapts to the unique needs and challenges of overweight/obese pregnant women [OW/OB-PW] and will utilize control systems engineering to optimize this intervention; in other words, make this intervention manage GWG in OW/OB-PW as effectively and efficiently as possible.
You will be randomized into an intervention or attention control group from ~8 weeks gestation to ~37 weeks gestation with a BMI of 25-45 (>40 with physician consent).You will have 1 pre-intervention session that explains the study procedures and to get you ready for the study. Here you will also complete various measures of demographics, behavioral surveys, etc.Over the course of the study, you will weigh yourself each day, wear an activity monitor and complete various surveys. If you are randomized to the intervention group, you may have healthy eating demonstrations and/or physical activity sessions each week.You will have 1 post-intervention session where you will return your devices, complete a 30-60 minute interview and complete the last of the surveys.
$175
Women
18-45
English speaking
BMI 25-45 (>40 with provider consent)
Men
Younger than 18
Non-English speaking
BMI <25
PLS Natural History Study
This study will provide a strong basis and foundation for future clinical trials that use historical controls. The study will collect clinical data and biological specimens to create a dataset and biorepository to be shared with other researchers as a foundation for future clinical trials.
This is a volunteer study for participants diagnosed with Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) or suspected to have PLS by a neurologist. You will be expected to attend scheduled visits in person or by telephone, complete study testing and audio/video recordings. The study includes clinical measurements to assess disease status and motor function, a number of questionnaires, collection of biospecimens including DNA, blood, and urine, and an electromyography (EMG) test. There will be 6 visits over 24 months, of these 6 three will be in-person visits (2-3 hours) and the other three will be telephone calls (lasting about 45 minutes to an hour). Blood and urine samples will be collected during these visits.
$100 per in person visit (three) and $50 for telephone visit (three) completed.
Symptom onset was no more than 15 years prior to baseline
Ability to independently walk with or without an assistive device (e.g., walker) at the baseline evaluation
In cases where a molecular test has been done prior to enrollment in this study, HSP or HSP-related mutations are negative
Expected to have at least some bulbar symptoms (dysarthria, dysphagia, drooling or pseudobulbar affect); however, the absence of these symptoms will not exclude participants when molecular testing is negative for known HSP
UMN symptoms and signs only in the legs
Unwilling or unable to visit the study site asrequired
Clinically obvious cognitive impairment that precludes obtaining informed consent, as determined by the site PI
Participating in clinical treatment trials
Attention and Emotional Development in Children
Children with attention problems often feel anxious or worried, and likewise, children who are anxious or worried often have problems with attention. We are looking for children aged 8-12 who may or may not have problems with attention or anxiety to help us understand what happens in the brain that could explain why. You will receive up to $100 gift card for your participation, and informal clinical feedback on your child.
Two in person visits of 2 hours each to the University Park campus, scheduled at the participant(s) convenience
$100
History of seizures or photosensitive epilepsy
Study Driver Characteristics in Mixed Traffic with a Driving Simulator
This is a driving simulator behavioral study. This study aims to investigate drivers' subjective feelings and driving performance in mixed traffic shared by automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles.
This study aims to investigate the effects of drivers’ driving style and automated vehicle penetration rate on drivers’ subjective feelings and driving performance in mixed traffic shared by automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles. There will be one in-person visit for the experiment. This experiment involves driving on a driving simulator and filling out several questionnaires.
$30
Have a valid US driver license for at least one year
Have normal vision or corrected vision only wearing contact lenses
Parent-to-child anxiety transmission in early childhood: Capturing in-the-moment mechanisms through emotion modeling and biological synchrony
Anxiety can emerge as early as pre-school age (4-6) and is often linked to anxiety in the parent. This study will examine patterns of brain and behavioral synchrony in parent-child pairs as they complete puzzles together and other social activities.
This is a longitudinal study examining the role that parent-child synchrony and emotional modeling plays in the transmission of anxiety. Participants will complete yearly laboratory visits and 6-month follow-up visits. The yearly laboratory visits (V1,3,5) will include a battery of tasks and questionnaires, but the six-month follow-up visits(V2,4) will only include online questionnaires. Participants at both Penn State and Washington University, St. Louis will follow the same procedures.
Participating families will be given $100 at each of V1 and V3, $25 for each of the follow-ups at V2 and V4, $100 and a $50 completion bonus at V5, for a total amount of $400.
Children without serious medical issues or complications
Parents or caregivers aged 18 or older
Children diagnosed with any neurological disorders and/or diseases
Children unable to communicate at a level similar to their peers
Children that have experienced a head injury with a loss of consciousness
Children 0 to 3 years of age; Children 7 and older
Designing for Supportive Accountability: Using Conversational Agents to Sustain Patient Engagement in PTSD
The purpose of this study is to better understand the use and acceptance of conversational agents (CAs) aiming to support individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Specifically, we will focus on examining CA prototypes that can provide useful information and support individuals with PTSD while sustaining adherence and engagement. This study corresponds to Phase 1 of the NSF grant (e.g., participatory design). The outcomes of the study will be used to advance to Phase 2 of the grant (i.e., system development"). A separate IRB application will be submitted for Phase 2. Toward this goal, we will interview individuals living with PTSD to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and correctness of the prototype of CAs.
1. Individuals who self-report having been diagnosed with PTSD2. Participants are adults, aged 18 years or older.
$30 gift card
Adults, aged 18 years or older.
Participants pass the screening test (the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5(PC-PTSD-5) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)) identifying whether a participant have PTSD based on self-reported scales
English-speaking participants
Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Scripts for Social Phobia
This research is conducted to test if virtual reality technology is effective to help people face their social fears and promote the use of adaptive social skills in various settings. You will be immersed in a range of virtual reality environments and work with a research therapist to learn certain skills, such as managing fears of negative evaluation during job interviews, and interacting with peers in common social settings (e.g., classrooms, cafeterias).
Experiencing significant social anxiety
Able to read, write, and understand English
Not struggling with ongoing ongoing alcohol or substance use
Not actively suicidal
Not socially anxious
Perceptions of online learning and well-being of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic – a multicenter international study
This study will allow us to explore the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as sociodemographic factors on undergraduate and graduate medical students’ mental health measured by stress, anxiety, and resilience, and to study their online learning experience during the pandemic.
English Speaking
Undergraduate & Graduate Medical Students
Adult who is 18 years of age or older
Adults unable to provide consent
Individuals who are not yet adults
Pregnant women
Prisoners
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Improve Psychiatry
This study intends to improve detection of depression and anxiety by examining speech features recorded by a voice app and analyzing the voice data using cutting-edge artificial intelligence approaches. Eligible participants who are interested in this study will speak on various questions related to lifestyle choices, physical health, and mood to the voice app briefly, fill in some questionnaires, and complete a brief clinical interview. All of the procedures for this one-session study will last up to 90 minutes.If you are interested in participating, please take a few minutes to complete the screening survey: https://pennstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8CHWpLRGUrvy49D
Participants who are eligible based on the screening questionnaire will be invited to participate in a single 1.5 hour Zoom session. During this session, you will be prompted to speak about various topics to a voice app for a few minutes, fill in some questionnaires, and complete a brief clinical interview.
Up to $60 can be earned for completing the 1.5 hour Zoom session. No compensation is given for completing the screening survey.
High or low score on measures of anxiety and depression symptoms.
Caregiver's Perceptions of High-quality Early Education and Care
This is an exploratory study which looks at how caregivers define high-quality early education and care. Participants will fill out a questionnaire containing open-ended and closed-ended questions. It will take participants no longer than 20 minutes to complete.
Adults who are fluent in English
Adults who are regular caregivers of children between birth and age 5
Individuals who can read and respond to written close- and open-ended survey questions electronically
Individuals who live in the United States
Individuals who are not fluent in English
Individuals who are not regular caregivers of children between birth and age 5
Individuals with poor reading comprehension and are otherwise limited in their ability to read and respond to survey questions
Individuals who do not currently live in the United States of America
The Texting Life of Couples Study
This study will examine the frequency and content of text messages exchanged between members of new dating couples, and how the frequency and content of the text messages are associated with relational outcomes (e.g., relationship satisfaction).
Must be a member of a dating couple, in which the members of the couple sent their first text messages to each other within the past year.
Must be able to bring a dating partner to the research lab.
Participants and their dating partner must reside at PSU or in the State College, PA area.
Participants and their dating partner must use iPhones, and at least one member of the couple must have Messages set up on their Mac laptop.
Advising between middle-aged adults and their parents
This study utilizes interview methods to examine factors that influence the exchange of advice and outcomes of advising between adults aged 40+ and their parents aged 65+.
Participate in a single in-person or Zoom interview of 60-90 minutes focused on the exchange of advice between themselves and their parent or adult child.
50.00
Exchanges advice with parent or adult child
Both parent and child agree to participate
Mental and physical ability to participate in interview
English-speaking
No exchange of advice between parent and child
Parent or adult child does not agree to participate
Lacking mental or physical ability to participate in interview
Non-English-speaking
Understanding the Relationship between Education and Well-being among College Students with Disabilities
The purpose of the study is to gain an understanding of students’ experiences in college and their engagement help-seeking and healthy behaviors. Participation in the study involves completing a brief online-survey on Qualtrics, which we anticipate will take approximately 20 minutes to complete.
18 years of age or older
Capable of providing informed consent
Diagnosis of a disability
Able to understand written English
Individuals who are not yet legal adults
Pregnant women
Prisoners
Examining Cortical Lateralization of Motor Learning through Transcranial Stimulation
The aim of this study is to understand how brain stimulation affects learning of a novel task on a virtual reality system. Participation involves playing virtual reality games during non-invasive brain stimulation.
Single visit, subjection to noninvasive brain stimulation during a reaching task.
40
18-40 years old (healthy young)
18-80 years old (stroke patient)
neurological disease
movement disorder
major psychiatric diagnosis
orthopedic damage to the arms
Decreasing Stress in Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial (DE-STRESS)
The purpose of this study is to find out how two different stress reduction programs affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Participants will attend fourteen study sessions online via videoconferencing (Penn State University Zoom) where they will take part in one or more of the following activities: breathing exercises, meditation, stretching exercises or health education activities. Participants will attend four study visits online via Penn State Health Teams conference call or in-person at Hershey Medical Center. They will remotely attend stress management classes and respond to online surveys. If study visits are done in-person at Hershey Medical Center, participants will provide lab samples, and undergo brief physical exams. It will take participants about six months to complete this study. Compensation up to $300 is provided to eligible participants.
Attend 14 sessions/visits remotely via zoom: 8 of these visits are stress management classes, 4 of them are booster sessions, one of these visits is orientation and one of these visits is a retreat. There are 5 clinical visits with coordinators, and these are currently completed remotely via zoom. These include a screening visit, a baseline visit, a 4 week-follow up phone call, a 2 month visit, and a 6 month visit. Participants are also sent daily stress questions after baseline visit is complete. Participants have the option to provide activity data via activity monitor, and also record food intake on a web-based NIH site.
$300
Type 2 diabetes diagnosed for one year or more
Have a hemoglobin A1C of 7.5% or greater
Have a device with internet connection, camera and microphone for participation in online stress reduction classes
Able to attend 14 online stress reduction classes
History of an inpatient admission for psychiatric disorder within the past two years
Active alcohol or drug abuse
Inability to read, write or speak English
Current enrollment in a stress reduction program, or in any other investigative study
Testing the effect of ENDS flavors on Neurotransmission
Tobacco users will be randomized to use electronic cigarettes containing varying levels of nicotine and flavor during laboratory protocols to investigate the effects on the brain and behavior. Subjects will complete surveys, functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, and complete computerized tasks. Eligible participants include daily users of inhaled tobacco products who are at least 21 years old, able to read and write in English, and not planning to quit tobacco use within the next month. Exclusion criteria include: current substance use impairing participation, unstable or significant medical conditions, current use of smoking cessation medication, uncontrolled serious mental illness, and MRI safety or neurological contraindications.
Subjects will taste test a variety of e-cigarette flavorings, answer questions and complete a single MRI.
50
No plan to quit tobacco use in the next month
Age 21 or older
Able to read and write in English
Unstable or Significant Medical Conditions
Uncontrolled serious mental illness
Current substance abuse
Habit Learning in Adolescents and Young Adults
This research seeks to exam behavioral and neural differences in the formation and maintenance of habit behavior in adolescents and adults.
All visits will be in person. Participants in Group 1 will complete one 1-day training session and will be at the imaging center for approximately 1.5 hours total.Participants in Group 2 will complete a 3-day training session, during which the same types of procedures are done, just with more trials. Participants in this group will undergo four training sessions (instead of 2) on Day 1 and Day 2. Each of the three visits will be about 1.5-2 hours long.For both groups, we will obtain informed consent and assent, height and weight, and demographic information. They will also answer questionnaires and work on a cognitive assessment battery. Within the scanner, we will collect anatomical data, task related fMRI data and resting state fMRI data.
$150
Health adults between the ages of 25 to 40
Not currently taking medications known to influence body weight, task, food intake, behavior, or blood flow
Left handed
Diagnosed neurological or psychological condition including anxiety or depression
Currently or planning to follow a diet for weight loss
Non-removable body piercings, pacemaker, or other metal implants that would preclude safe completion of an MRI
Does switching to nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes reduce health risk markers?
This research is being done to compare the differences in traditional cigarette reduction between smokers who receive a 0 mg/ml nicotine e-cig and those who receive a 58 mg/ml nicotine e-cig. We will also compare differences between the groups for changes in breathing (lung function), heart activity (EKG), blood pressure, and smoking-related chemicals found in urine.
The study consists of 3 in-person visits at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. At the first visit, eligibility will be confirmed, then participants will be provided with an electronic cigarette and asked to use the electronic cigarette as a complete replacement for their cigarettes, starting the very next day. Participants are followed up 3 and 6 weeks later.
150
Smoke at least 5 cigarettes per day
Willing to attempt to switch from cigarettes to electronic cigarettes
Women who are pregnant or nursing
Seeking support from romantic partners
The purpose of this study is to determine whether and how people's perceptions of the power in their romantic relationships shape the messages they use to seek support from their romantic partners.
Have you sought comfort, advice, information, esteem boosts, or emotional support from your romantic partner within the last 4 weeks?
People who are not in a romantic relationship
People who did not seek support from their romantic partner in the last 4 weeks.
People who do not have access to technology to compete the survey.
Self-Help for Stress Related to COVID-19
This is a study on internet-based self-help for stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. College and university students who screen high on perceived stress or measures of risk for anxiety, depression, or eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic will be invited to participate in this study. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive access to an internet-based self-help program for stress resilience and coping with the COVID-19 pandemic or care as usual. Symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and eating disorders, as well as secondary outcomes, will be assessed via questionnaire at baseline (pre-randomization), one month post-randomization, and three months post-randomization.
Participants will be randomly assigned to receive access to an internet-based self-help program for stress resilience and coping with the COVID-19 pandemic or care as usual. Symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and eating disorders, as well as secondary outcomes, will be assessed via questionnaire at baseline (pre-randomization), one month post-randomization, and three months post-randomization.
Up to $50 (raffle-based)
Fluent in English
Current college or university student
Under 18 years of age
Not a college or university student
Not fluent in English
Driver Training on the Advanced Driving Assistant System
This research aims to study the training knowledge that is essential for drivers to use Advanced Driving Assistant Systems safely and properly and identify the optimal training approaches.
If you participate in the first experiment, you will receive training of the in-vehicle system via videos and manuals, complete a driving task on the driving simulator, and answer questions from questionnaires. If you participate in the second experiment, there will be two visits. In the first visit, you will receive training via watching and interacting with online videos, watching an experimenter operating ADAS at the test track, or practicing the functions of ADAS in a vehicle at the test track. The functions in the training include adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, and Highway Driving Assist. In the second visit, you will complete a driving task on the driving simulator and answer questions from questionnaires.
$30 for experiment1 and $60 for experiment 2
Being fluent in English
Have a valid driver license for at least one year
have normal vision or corrected vision only wearing contact lenses
Daily Thought Monitoring Study for Anxiety and Depression
This study aims to assess the relations among our daily thought patterns, positive emotions, everyday experiences, and cognitive functioning abilities. Eligible participants will complete a series of online questionnaires, a short 15- to 25-minute psychological interview, and brief cognitive functioning tests at Day 1 and Day 16. All visits will occur via Zoom. In between study visits on Day 1 and Day 16, they will be prompted to complete smartphone-delivered assessments of cognitive functioning, symptoms, and experiences for 14 days, 5 times a day. This is important to inform clinicians and researchers on how best to develop effective digital mental health therapies.
During Day 1, participants will undergo a brief 15- to 25-minute clinical interview over Zoom. After the clinical interview, if participants meet the study eligibility criteria, we will continue with the procedures outlined below. Otherwise, if they are ineligible for the study, we will mention that this study is not suitable for them and provide the contact of mental health treatment services. Eligible participants will then conduct a series of self-report questionnaires and performance-based cognitive functioning tests for the next 35 minutes. Participants will then complete a series of 14-day brief ecological momentary assessments administered on their smartphone five times a day, for 14 days. Last, participants will return for a 35- to 45-minute visit on Day 15 to complete a series of self-report questionnaires and performance-based cognitive functioning tests.
15
Owns an Android or iPhone
Fluent in the English language
Scores on self-report questionnaires suggest person does or does not struggle with depression and/or anxiety
Pregnant women will be allowed to participate
Unable to consent
Younger than 18 years of age
Reports struggling with suicidal thoughts
Judged to have alcohol, substance use, and/or eating disorder
AYA-UNITE (Utilizing Novel Information Technology to Promote Exercise and Well-Being) in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have many needs for supportive care that differ from younger and older patients. This includes age-appropriate psychological support for management of distress, as well as supports for the social isolation many AYAs experience. One exciting intervention that may provide AYAs with cancer improved psychosocial support, as well as increased physical strength, is physical activity. This feasibility project aims to evaluate the safety, feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity training in AYAs with cancer delivered via a socially interactive videoconferencing platform.
Participant diagnosis of cancer who is currently undergoing active treatment for cancer, or who is within 3 years of end of cancer treatment at the time of enrollment
Participant must have access to a computer or smartphone
Absolute contraindication to exercise
Pregnant women
Patients with relapsed cancer
atients who have undergone allogeneic stem cell transplant
Abstract Reasoning, Decision Making and Social Judgment as Markers of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) in Midlife in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME)
This study will look for emerging patterns of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), an early onset dementia, in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME). JME is a type of epilepsy that usually begins in adolescence and is known to be associated with disturbances of higher-level reasoning, mood and personality. JME patients are often managed by family physicians, rather than epilepsy specialists; with little known about aging with JME. We think that JME patients will demonstrate a pattern of executive dysfunction that is consistent with consensus criteria for FTLD, characterized by declines in abstract reasoning, judgment, and verbal problem solving, as well as behavior. We also think that there will be an inverse relationship between apathy and conscientiousness. We plan to obtain this information by formal cognitive testing of non-demented JME patients over a period of 2 years, at 6-month intervals, to look for progression of symptoms. Loved ones/caregivers will complete informant questionnaires about patient's mood and personality at the beginning of the study and at 6 month intervals throughout the duration of the 24 month study. We will also include loved one/caregiver cognitive testing at the beginning of the study to obtain healthy information for comparison to patient's findings. Our objectives are to characterize the executive functioning profiles of JME in midlife, taking into account cognition, mood, personality, nutritional status and lifestyle. The information obtained may contribute to better care of JME patients prior to midlife and throughout the course of aging.
Visit 1 for both patient and healthy caregiver participants will involve administration of the JME Virtual Visit Protocol via PSH Zoom. Participants will have completed their REDCap questionnaires prior to the visit to the research coordinator, who will be conducting the assessment. Visit 2-5 for patient participants will involve administration of the JME Virtual Visit Protocol via PSH Zoom. JME participation consists of 5 virtual visits with the study’s research coordinator, lasting approximately two hours each, for completion of standardized tests of problem-solving, thinking, and concentration, as defined above. Caregiver healthy control participation consists of 1 virtual visit with the study’s research coordinator, lasting approximately two hours, for completion of standardized tests of problem-solving, thinking, and concentration, as defined above. Remaining participation involves completion of objective inventories providing a caregiver perspective of the patient participant’s mood and behavior at 6-month intervals, within the 24 month time frame of the study.
Primary language English
age 45 - 65
Mainstream Education
Loved one or caregiver to complete questionnaires
Cardiac conditions affecting cognition
Other medical conditions affecting cognition,e.g.,hypoglycemia
Hospitalization for major depressive disorder within the past year
No available loved one or caregiver to complete questionnaires