Search Results Within Category "Prevention"
Public Perception of Public Health Wireless Emergency Alerts
The objectives of this study are to understand attitudes, emotional response, and behavioral intention related to receiving COVID-19 public health messaging via the Wireless Emergency Alert system.
Received a Wireless Emergency Alert in November
Did not receive a Wireless Emergency Alert in November
Trust in Machine Agents Under Realistic Threat
Measures of actual human-machine interaction are required to generate ecologically valid, translatable discoveries that enhance human-systems integration and performance. Here, the proposed methods center on human-robot decision tasks to assess key determinants of human trust in robot recommendations (e.g., factors such as threat-salience and/or robot appearance), and the concomitant impacts of trust on performance.
There will be one in person visit, you will be asked to interact with a robot in a virtual environment.
10
Must not be suffering from anxiety disorders and/or panic attacks.
Must not be suffering from any known heart conditions.
Must not, to your knowledge, be prone to nausea when experiencing VR
Suffers from anxiety disorders, suffers from heart conditions, prone to nausea when experiencing VR
Brain Mechanisms of Overeating in Children
Reducing intake from large portions is of critical importance to preventing obesity. People consistently eat more when they are served larger portions, a phenomenon known as the portion size effect. The mechanisms of the portion size effect are not well understood, and investigating the underlying neurobiology that drives this phenomenon may inform the development of more effective obesity prevention programs. The proposed research will follow healthy weight children who vary by family risk for obesity to identify the neurobiological and appetitive traits that are implicated in overeating and weight gain during the critical pre-adolescent period. We expect results to confirm the hypothesis that reduced function of brain inhibitory pathways and increased activity in brain reward pathways in response to portion size cues contributes to excess intake with large portions and greater weight gain over time, particularly in children who have higher risk for obesity. The proposed studies will characterize the relationship between brain response to portion size and eating behavior and will allow us to determine whether brain and behavioral responses predict body fat gain during pre-adolescence. These studies will contribute essential information to our understanding of the pathways implicated in overeating and obesity and will facilitate the characterization of “at risk” phenotypes that can be targeted by prevention programs.
There will be seven in person visits with two DEXA measurements, one fMRI scan and five meals.
$350
The child must not have any food allergies to foods used in the study, learning disabilities, psychological diagnoses, red/green color blindness, or claustrophobia.
The child must not be taking any medications known to influence cognitive function, taste, appetite or blood flow
The child's BMI must be below the 90th percentile at the first visit
The biological mother and father must have a BMI between 18.5-25 kg/m2 (low-risk group) or greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 for mothers and greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 for fathers (high-risk group) and 1 parent must attend all visits.
Children will be excluded if they have any food allergies, learning disabilities, psychological diagnoses, red/green color blindness, or claustrophobia
Children will be excluded if they are taking cold or allergy medication, or other medications known to influence cognitive function, taste, appetite, or blood flow
Children will be excluded if their BMI is above the 90th percentile at the first visit
Families will be excluded if the biological mother or father do not fit the BMI requirements
Parents’ Perceptions of the Coparenting Relationship: an interview study
This research study is being done to gather information from parents to figure out strategies and difficulties in their coparenting relationship for an intervention program which helps them to navigate the transition to parenthood process more comfortably and build up supportive relationships between parents.
A Survey to Estimate the Socio-Economic Impact of the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic
We are experiencing global outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) recently. Millions of people are suffering and dying every day, in spite of putting our best efforts. We are doing this survey to understand people’s reaction to this situation. The survey will ask about your knowledge, practices and worries. Your response will help us to understand how to better control these situations. Your feedback is highly important to us, as we need to find out the best way to stop the disease from spreading and killing thousands of lives, and to reduce the stress among the population.
Adult
Mentally impaired
Participants from Europe or European Union (EU)
A qualitative exploration of rurality, physical activity, and intervention preferences among older residents in Pennsylvania
This study will use interviews to explore to explore perceptions of rurality, physical activity behaviors and physical activity intervention preferences among rural older adults who live in Pennsylvania
Currently residing in Pennsylvania
Able to speak, read, and write in English
Not currently residing in Pennsylvania
Not able to speak, read, and write in English
The association between perceived parenting styles, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety among young adults
This study aims to understand the association between young adults' perceived parenting, intolerance of uncertainty, and trait anxiety. Participant will be asked to complete a questionnaire that aims to answer the environment and parenting beliefs around which they were brought up, and if they face stressors and anxieties associated with them. This is a correlational study
Geographical location: USA
All genders
All ethnicities
Individuals over 34 years
Individuals residing outside USA
TMIST_EA1151
This study is being done to answer the following question:Can tomosynthesis mammography, three-dimensional x-ray imaging of the breast, lower your chance of developing life-threatening breast cancer through routine screening compared with digital mammography, two-dimensional x-ray imaging of the breast?We are doing this study because we want to find out which of the two usual approaches to breast cancer screening are better in the early detection of life-threatening breast cancers.
Patients must be scheduled for, or have intent to schedule, a screening mammogram.
Patients must be able to tolerate digital breast tomosynthesis and fullfield digital mammographic imaging required by protocol.
Patients must be willing and able to provide a written informed consent.
Patients must not have new symptoms or signs of benign or malignant breast disease
Patients must not have had a screening mammogram within the last 11 months prior to date of randomization.
Patients must not have previous personal history of breast cancer including ductal carcinoma in situ
Patients must not currently have breast enhancements (e.g., implants or injections).
Characterizing resilience to food-cue induced overeating in children
This is a behavioral and neuroimaging study that will examine how food commercials affect the way a child eats and responds to food. Children enrolled in the study will complete 5 in-lab sessions that include eating meals and snacks, watching TV, and playing computer games. For one of these sessions, children will complete an fMRI scan. On the first and last visit to the lab, children will receive a DXA scan to assess their body composition.
We are looking for children to help us learn about how kids respond to different types of foods and food advertisements. The study consists of 5 visits to our facilities in Noll and Chandlee Labs, located on the University Park Campus. For 3 visits your child will eat test meals and snack buffets in our laboratory. On 1 visit we will use fMRI to take pictures of your child’s brain. We will use a DXA to scan for lean muscle and conduct an IQ test. These procedures are not harmful. You and your child will fill out questionnaires.Your child will also play computer games and watch commercials.
$250.00
Be 7-9 years-old at enrollment.
Not be taking any medications known to influence body weight, taste, food intake, behavior, or blood flow.
Have no learning disabilities (e.g., ADHD).
The biological mother must have a body mass index either between 18.5 - 25 kg/m2 (low-risk group) or greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 (high-risk group).
If they have a learning disability, ADD/ADHD, language delays, autism or other neurological or psychological conditions.
If they have a pre-existing medical condition such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Cushing’s syndrome, Down’s syndrome, severe lactose intolerance, Prader-Willi syndrome, HIV, cancer, renal failure, cerebral palsy, or can't engage in moderate exercise.
If they don’t speak English.
Biological mother must have a body mass index either between 18.5 - 25 kg/m2 (low-risk group) or greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 for mothers (high-risk group), or they are excluded.
Testing Responses of Young Adults to Intervention Messages (TRY AIM) Trial
The purpose of this voluntary research study is to determine the effects of different methods of promoting physical activity with wearable devices and technology.
Participants will participate in an 18-month study with virtual study visits.-Use provided digital tools (activity tracker and messages) to monitor physical activity-Set goals to increase physical activity levels based on national guidelines-Monitor weight and complete questionnaires at five times throughout the study (at the beginning, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months)
Up to $235 and a Fitbit tracker and BodyTrace scale
Participants between the ages of 18-29 years.
Participants must be free of visual impairment that would interfere with the receipt of text messages on their phone.
Participants must be willing to wear a Fitbit tracker almost continually (23.5 hours/day) for a 12- month period of time.
Participants interested in setting goals to increase their physical activity levels over the 12-month study.
Participants with contraindications to normal physical activity on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire.
Participants who require an assistive device for mobility or have any other condition that may limit or prevent participation in moderate-intensity physical activity.
Participants with a prior diagnosis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes or metabolic syndrome.
Participants who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next 12 months.
Expanding Family Foundations to 2nd-Time Parenthood - Focus Group
This focus group study, funded by Penn State's Social Science Research Institute, brings together couples with preschool-aged firstborns who are pregnant with their 2nd child or who have given birth to their 2nd child within the last 12 months. Couples will be interviewed about how they worked together as a team (as coparents) to prepare their firstborn for the birth of the second child and to prepare themselves for 2nd-time parenthood.
2.Each caregiver is over 18 years of age.
3.Caregivers are living together in the same household and are either married or living with a partner.
4.Families living independent of parents’ families of origin.
5.Both caregivers fluent in communicating in English.
2.Caregivers are under 18 years of age.
3.Caregivers not living together
4.Caregivers not living independently of their families of origin
5.Single-parent families with no live-in partner.
Penn State Hershey Sitting and Health Study
This study aims to examine the effect of pedaling a compact elliptical device at the desk on employees' work productivity. This study also aims to evaluate the effect of different types of incentives on promoting desk-based pedaling.
Overweight or obese
Spend at least 5 hours per day sitting at a desk
Have eligible overweight/obese coworker who can do study together with you
18-70 years old
Planned surgical or medical treatment that will prevent ability to complete study
Heart condition, or chest pain during physical activity
Planned travel or relocation during study period
Already have desk cycling device or treadmill at desk
Validation and Feasibility of In-Home Child Height Measurement using a Portable Ultrasound Stadiometer
The goal if this study is to determine if a new tool (PUSH stadiometer) can be used by parents to accurately and easily measure children's height in their home.
Participants will be required to attend 1 Zoom visit and 1 in-person visit on Penn State's University Park Campus. Each of these visits will last 30 minutes or less.During the Zoom visit, a researcher will help parents use a new tool (PUSH Stadiometer) to measure their child's height in their home.At the in-person visit, a researcher will measure the child's height and weight, and parents will complete a short survey.
20
Parent age 18 years or older
Able to connect to a Zoom session from home
Able to read and answer questions in English
Elucidating the Necessary Active Components of Training (ENACT) Study
This study will examine the effects of different brain games on cognitive and everyday activities in middle-aged and older adults. Participants will play either 20 or 40 hours of ENACT brain games on a study provided laptop. They will also complete daily surveys on a study-provided mobile phone for the duration of the study. These surveys will take approximately 5-6 minutes to complete per day. The study will last either 6 or 9 months depending on the brain game training time. The study will be done remotely from the comfort of home using study-provided mobile devices. Participants are compensated for their time.
Participants will play either 20 or 40 hours of ENACT brain games on a study provided laptop. They will also complete daily surveys on a study-provided mobile phone for the duration of the study. These surveys will take approximately 5-6 minutes to complete per day. The study will last either 6 or 9 months depending on the brain game training time. The study will be done remotely from the comfort of home using study-provided mobile devices.
$230
Strong English writing and comprehension
Willing to participate for 5 to 9 months
History of dementia or Alzheimer's Disease
Use of video games for more than 2 hours/week over the previous 2 years
Effect of oral black raspberry administration on oral cell DNA adducts in smokers
This is an intervention study that will examine the effect of black raspberry lozenges on mouth cell DNA damage in smokers.
Following one week of being in the study you will be given black raspberry lozenges to take 5 times daily for 8 weeks. Afterwards you will participate in the study for an additional 4 weeks for a ‘wash-out’ period where no lozenges are given. During study visits you will be asked to complete questionnaires, provide a urine sample, and a mouth cell sample by brushing the inside of your cheek with a toothbrush. You will smoke as you normally do throughout the study. You will record cigarette and lozenge use every day. You will complete 2 phone call interviews about your 24-hour food intake during the beginning and the end of the study.
$380
21-75 years of age
No quit attempt in the prior 30 days
No plans to quit smoking in next 4 months
Willingness and ability to attend 8 visits over 13 weeks
Women who are pregnant or nursing
Use of marijuana or other illegal drugs
Any known allergy to raspberries
Heavy drinking (>4 drinks/day, 5 days/wk)
The Use of Micro-Doppler Radar to Identify Service Members at Risk for Musculoskeletal Injury: A Gold Standard Comparison
The purpose of this research study is to see if we can use micro-doppler signal technology to determine if someone has had an ACL reconstruction in the past. We will do this by comparing a group of people who have had the surgery against a group who has never had this surgery to see if this technology can tell the difference.
If you join this study you would be asked to come to a one-hour appointment at the Lebanon Valley College campus in Annville, PA and perform a variety of activities that are part of daily life, such as walking, jumping, and standing from a seated position. We'll ask you to complete a questionnaire on any musculoskeletal pain you're experiencing and report your demographic information.
50
ACL Group: ACL Reconstruction surgery 9-24 months prior and approved to return to normal activities
Control group: No history of lower extremity surgery
Able to provide consent and read/write in English
No current musculoskeletal injuries
Pregnant person
any surgery within 6 months of the study visit
Unable to provide consent or read/write in English
Unable to perform movements consistent with daily activities such as walking, jumping, or moving from sit to stand
Childhood Adverse Experiences: Impacts in Young Adulthood
The purpose of the study is to examine how individuals change over time and what impacts their development. In particular, we are interested in mental health outcomes in young adulthood. Participants will be required to complete a survey one time that will take about 10-15 minutes to complete. Participants will be eligible to win a $10.00 amazon gift card.
Examining views associated with physical exercise and its connection to diet, social connectivity, and stress reduction: Online Focus Groups
The primary objective of this study is to examine, via online focus groups, the perceptions that are held by potentially-eligible subjects in the PSH DPP program in regard to the importance of physical exercise, particularly within the context of diet, social connectivity, and stress reduction. These perspectives will then be used to help develop, test, and refine additional motivational text messages that can be used in a text messaging intervention. Participants will receive a $25.00 gift card.
Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2 (≥23 kg/m2 if Asian)
Have no previous diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes
Fluent in English
Body Mass Index <25 kg/m2 (<23 kg/m2if Asian)
Previous diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes
Not fluent in English
SARS Cov-2 Nasal Pharyngeal and Oral Pharyngeal Wash (SNOW) Trial SARS Cov-2 Nasal Pharyngeal and Oral Pharyngeal Wash (SNOW) Trial
Adults recently diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection who use a 4-day combined intervention of nasal washes with 1% baby shampoo solution and oral gargles with Listerine Antiseptic® will have a reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load compared to those using nasal and oral washes with normal saline. This combined intervention should be acceptable, tolerable and safe in this population. To test this, we are conducting a trial comparing the efficacy of a number of washes in reducing the oral and nasal SARS-CoV-2 viral load amongst adults.
At their home, participants will perform three nasal and oral rinses per day for 4 days and self-swab the nose and mouth before and after each morning rinse to collect specimens under the guidance of a zoom visit. On the morning of the 5th day participants will also self swab the nose and mouth for a final collection specimen. Participants will answer questions on an app and online platform.
100
A positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days of enrollment
Currently in isolation
Non-English speaking
Lack of electronic device (computer, mobile phone etc) on which to access an app for study data collection
Adults that need inpatient care for COVID-19 or any of its complications
Adults that give a history of being unable to tolerate gargles or nasal washes
Telehealth Navigation for Informed Prostate Cancer Screening in Black Men
This study is being conducted to determine whether patient navigation improves informed decision making for prostate cancer screening. Participants will be offered the opportunity to discuss and address issues related to PSA testing with a patient navigator over a one month period. Surveys at the beginning and end of this period will include health knowledge, opinions on telehealth, and barriers to health care. All sessions will be conducted virtually.
Complete short on-line questionnairesComplete at least one telehealth session with the Patient Navigator
100
ages 45 to 70
spoken english language
Normalizing preteen HPV vaccination with practice-based communication strategies (Protect Them)
Site For Protect Them-Spanish groups
Not vaccinated with the HPV vaccine
Have computer, tablet, or smartphone
Fam Best Study
The purpose of this research study is to understand how caregivers communicate with teenagers through the ups and downs of daily life. We would like to know how caregivers and teens in a modern family act around each other, and how family communication affects well being. The study is conducted all online (e.g., video chats and surveys on phones).
Parent-teen pairs will be asked to do the following:1. A 2-hour baseline Zoom appointment2. Brief 1-2 minute long surveys throughout the day for one to two weeks3. Provide brief video recordings of their interactions during car rides over the one to two week period4. Carry study-provided smartphones with them at all times when not at school5. A 30-minute follow-up Zoom appointment
$100 per person
Parent and youth live together at least 5 days/week
Parent has an active driver's license
Family has car that they use regularly
Primary language spoken at home is English
Youth has developmental disability (Autism spectrum disorders)
Youth or parent has had a suicide attempt, or intensive care (inpatient, partial hospitalization, daily outpatient) care for emotional or behavior problems in the past 12-months
Other social (ex: homelessness) or medical conditions that make participation difficult
Inflammatory, Behavioral and Neural Markers of Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder
The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying biological causes of the loss of pleasure in individuals diagnosed with depression. This study will examine brain, behavioral, and inflammatory markers of depression. Participants will answer questions, give blood and saliva, undergo fMRI and perform computer tasks. The study is also recruiting healthy controls with no history of major mental illnesses.Participants will be compensated $130 in total. To limit time in-person, the first portion of the study will be conducted remotely (1.5hrs), followed by an in-person appointment (3hrs). Mandatory COVID-19 precautions will be taken to ensure safety for the in-person appointment.
There will be one virtual visit where participants will review consent, answer questions about their mental health, and complete online questionnaires. There will also be one in-person visit where blood will be drawn, vitals (blood pressure, height, weight, and pulse) will be taken, participants will undergo an fMRI scan and complete computer tasks, and saliva samples will be collected at 3 time points.
$130
Failed two lines of anti depressant treatment
Between 18-65 years of age
Bipolar Disorder or Psychotic Disorder
Heavy alcohol or recreational drug use
Inflammatory disease like Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Advancing Research and Clinical Care in Rural Substance Using and At-Risk Families Through Innovative Methods for Remote Assessment
This project seeks to take advantage of emerging strategies for remote research and self-collection of biospecimens for wider use in research on families with and at-risk for substance use disorders and to refine/expand them to enhance substance use treatment and medical care possible through telehealth paired with remote sample/assessment strategies.
You will be asked to complete online questionnaires, watch videos and provide a hair sample, and give your opinion about your willingness to participate in research similar to that presented in the video content. Giving your opinion about this research may take place in the form of focus groups and/or interviews. Focus groups and interviews may occur either in-person or via Zoom depending on individual’s comfort with in-person contact and the amount of distance researchers and participants would need to travel.
$50
Currently pregnant
Have a child under 3 years old
Reside in rural ZIP code in Pennsylvania (less than 2,500 people)
Reside in urban cluster in Pennsylvania (at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people)
Unable to read and write in English
Not currently pregnant
Do not have a child under 3 years old
Reside in urban ZIP codes defined by a population of 50k plus residents
Describing your voice: Viewpoints from pre-professional voice users
The purpose of this study is to conduct semi-structured interviews with students at Penn State who are working towards degrees in fields that require a high vocal demand (e.g. teachers, lawyers, singers, actors, etc). The purpose is to learn more about what students think about their voice, what they know about protecting their voice, and what they would do if they had a voice disorder. This information can be used to design interventions and preventative outreach programs for these students.
Working towards a degree in a field requiring high vocal demand (e.g. future teachers, lawyers, voice performers including singers and actors)
GLNE 007 Evaluation of Stool Based Markers for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancers and Adenomas
The purpose of this study is to see if stool or blood can be used to determine whether or not a patient has any colon polyps or colon cancer. This study will compare these biological samples (blood, urine, stool) to any colonoscopy or surgery a patient has to see if the outcome could be predicted.
Subjects with Colon Cancer or Adenoma
OR subjects undergoing colonoscopy screening
HIV/Hepatitis
Have had or are receiving chemotherapy or radiation
Have had surgery for your colon cancer
Cognitive Impairment
Inclusive Sex Ed for ALL: A Qualitative Review of Sexuality Education Experiences and Preferences among Sexual and Gender Minority Emerging Adults
This is a qualitative study that will examine the sex education experiences of sexual and gender minority emerging adults and help inform the development of inclusive comprehensive sex education curricula.
Participants will be asked to complete a one time interview about their sex education experiences. We will conduct one in-depth interview via Zoom for each participant. The interview will be audio and visual recorded. Interviews will take place in a private setting of the subjects’ choice. Interviews will be approximately 30-60 minutes.
$20
Identify as LGBTQ+
Participated in sex ed between K-12th grade
Able to speak and read English fluently
Access to internet capable device
Identify as heterosexual
Did not have sex ed between K-12th grade
Unable to speak and read English fluently
Does not have access to internet capable device
Understanding Suicide and Self-Harm Among Young Adults in Daily Life
This study explores participants mood and how it changes from day to day and how mood and other things like personality and relationships influence thoughts of suicide or self-harm. Participants will both track and be able to visualize their mood and other experiences on a daily basis from their own smartphones.
There will be a set of questionnaires to complete online that will last between 45 and 90 minutes. Then participants will complete very brief (about 2 minute) surveys a few times per day on their smartphone over 12 weeks.
$140
Undergraduate student at Penn State
Have thoughts of suicide or self-harm in the past 12 months
Own and use an Apple iOS or Android smartphone device
Not a Penn State undergraduate student
Does not own an Apple iOS or Android smartphone device
Unwilling/unable to download and utilize study smartphone app
Can more sleep improve pain responses, symptomatology, and regulation in college students?
This study is being done to find out how whether sleep duration is associated with pain responses and if a sleep intervention predicts a higher tolerance and a higher threshold for pain. This is a 21-day study. Participants will be asked to wear sleep-monitoring watches. Pressure pain and cold pain will be measured at study visits.
There will be four in-person visits. Pain will be measured during visits 2-4. Blood will be drawn during visits 2-4. Retinal images will be captured during visits 2-4. Participants will also be asked to complete surveys during each study visit and to provide screen shots of their phone screen use at visits 2-4.
$150
Fluent English speaker and reader
Willing to refrain from initiating new therapeutic interventions (e.g., medication; behavioral) designed to target sleep or pain for the duration of study participation
Diagnosed with a pain disorder
Has experienced a cold-related injury or has any other nerve damage to the feet
Has a history of injury to any of the muscular measurement sites for pain (I.e. shoulder, jaw, forearm)
Diagnosed with hypertension or cardiovascular disease
A PHASE 3, MULTICENTER, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, RANDOMIZED, OBSERVER-BLINDED TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY, SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, IMMUNOGENICITY, AND LOT CONSISTENCY OF A 6-VALENT OspA-BASED LYME DISEASE VACCINE IN HEALTHY PARTICIPANTS ≥5 YEARS OF AGE
Pfizer, in collaboration with the European company Valneva, is developing a vaccine called VLA15 to protect people against an infectious disease called Lyme borreliosis, also known as Lyme disease (LD).
If you participate in the study, you will be assigned by chance (like flipping a coin) to receive either VLA15 or placebo. If you are included in the lot consistency portion of the study, you will receive either VLA15 (1 of 3 different lots) or placebo. VLA15 and placebo are referred to as “study vaccine” throughout this form. You will receive a 3-dose primary vaccination series at about 0, 2, and 5 to 9 months and then a booster dose about 12 months later. The study vaccine will be given as a 0.5 mL (about 1/10 of a teaspoon) injection administered in the muscle of the top part of your arm. There will be seven in person visits and blood will be drawn at four of these visits.
Participants who reside in areas with increased risk of Lyme disease and who lead lifestyles that put them at increased risk for Lyme disease.
Participants who are willing and able to comply with all scheduled visits, laboratory tests, and other study procedures; are expected to be available for the duration of the study; and can be contacted by telephone during study participation.
Capable of giving signed informed consent.
Healthy male and female participants at enrollment who are determined by medical history, physical exam, and clinical judgment of the study doctor to be eligible for inclusion in the study.
Any diagnosis of Lyme disease within the past 3 months.
Known tick bite within the past 4 weeks.
Treatment for Lyme disease in the 3 months prior to study intervention administration.
Any contraindication to vaccination or vaccine components, including previous anaphylactic reaction to any vaccine or vaccine-related components.