age 18 to 65
symptomatic knee pain indicative of articular cartilage defects
inadequate response to conservative treatment
Full range of motion of the affected joint
Normally functioning contralateral knee
Severe obesity (BMI > 40)
Surgery on the contralateral knee within 6 months prior to the scheduled arthoscopy
intra-articular injections within 1 month of surgery
Prior release and excision of scar tissue except isolated lateral release on target knee
Prior surgical treatment using mosaicplasty, autologous chondrocyte implantation and/or microfracture on target knee (Note: prior debridement and lavage are acceptable if more than three months have passed.)

A diagnosis of leukemia, specifically de novo high B-ALL with eligible genetic changes.
Age must be greater than 1 year old and less than or equal to 21 years old at leukemia diagnosis.
Have completed an acceptable induction therapy either on study or by hospital standard of care.
Had any other chemotherapy before induction therapy, with exceptions.
Down Syndrome.

Parent of a child aged 5-12 with ADHD
Child must have mild to moderate symptoms of ODD
Not having a child ages 5-12 with ADHD
Non-English speaking
Child with ADHD has diagnosis of mental retardation or prominent traits of autism
No additional child in the family can be enrolled simultaneously in this study

Male or female age 45 or greater
Admitted to hospital due to blockages in arteries of the heart
Bypass surgery to treat your most recent heart event
Severe liver and/or kidney disease
Hemoglobin A1c greater than 10%
Triglyceride level greater than 500mg/dL

Be enrolled at Pennsylvania State University (University Park Campus)
Be between the ages of 18-22 years
Be a female college student
Be sexually active with male partners in the previous 3 months
Are not enrolled at Pennsylvania State University (University Park Campus)
Are under the age of 18 or over the age of 22.
Are not a female college student
Are not sexually active with male partners in the previous 3 months

Age: 1-4 years
Confirmed Diagnosis of Autism or Developmental Delay or Healthy Child
Wards of the state
Sensory Impairment (blindness/deafness)
Confounding neurological condition (cerebral palsy, epilepsy)
Gastrostomy Tube Dependence
Active Peridontal Disease

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impariment
Normal Controls-Cognitively normal functioning
Neurological disease (e.g., stroke, tumor, Parkinson's disease, etc.)
Psychiatric disorder (e.g., bi-polar, schizophrenia, etc.)
History of chemotherapy
Presence of a cold or viral infection
Presence of a pacemaker, aneurysm clips, or any metal in body

Age >/=35 years
Do you have documented stenosis of your carotid?
Have you had any neurologic symptoms on the same side as your stenosis
No medical history of stroke or TIA on the same side as the stenotic vessel in the previous 180 days
If female, not pregnant
Prior stroke with residual disability
Symptomatic ICH within past 12 months
Chronic afib
Ejection fraction < 30%
Do you use an anticoagulant? What medication?

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Current Depression
No current treatment for depression
Internet access
Between the ages of 18-65
No diagnosis of MS
No current psychotherapy for depression
No substantial neurocognitive impairments
Started anti-depressants in the last 2 months

be a native speaker of American English
have normal hearing
between 18 and 40 years of age
have no known speech, language, learning or neurological disorders
have very little experience in communicating with people that have motor speech disorders
younger than 18 years of age; older than 40 years of age
Not a speaker of American English only
With hearing impairment
have neurologic and/or speech/language disorders
have extensive experience in communicating with people that have motor speech disorders

has a child with a physical disability or sensory disability
has a child that is enrolled in a disability or adapted sport program
has a child between the ages of 10 and 17
does not have a child with a physical or sensory disability
does not have a child with a disability between the ages of 10 and 17
does not have a child that plays a disability or adapted sport

Penn State Hershey full time employee
Overweight or obese
Spend at least 5 hours per day sitting at a desk
Have eligible overweight/obese coworker who can do study together with you
18-70 years old
Currently pregnant
Planned surgical or medical treatment that will prevent ability to complete study
Heart condition, or chest pain during physical activity
Planned travel or relocation during study period
Already have desk cycling device or treadmill at desk

Age 3 to 21 Inclusive
Cancer that has returned or is not responding to previous therapy
Has failed at least one prior therapy
Certain prior therapies

Stage 1-3 breast cancer
Scheduled to start neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Sedentary
No heart disease
Stage 4 breast cancer
Heart disease
Non-English speaking

Age over 18 years old
Native Monolingual English Speaker
Right-handed
History of neurological injury or disease
Taking medications that affect the brain of blood flow
Contraindications to MRI (e.g., pacemaker)
Claustrophobia

Ages 11-18
Reading at 5th grade level in English
Healthy controls OR high functioning Autism
Unable to read at 5th grade reading level
Under age 11 or over age 18
Cannot read English

Healthy individuals without history of muscle disease or injury
Pregnant women
Allergy to ultrasound gels
contraindications to MRI scans

You must possess a valid and unrestricted driver’s license for at least two years, and display it to the experimenter
You must not be under the influence of alcohol, and have abstained from drinking alcohol for no less than 8 hours prior to participating in this study
You must have normal vision or correct vision.
Participants who doesn't possess a valid driver license will be excluded from the study
Participants who drinks alcohol within the 8 hours before the study will be excluded from the study

Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia
Active or history of recurrent bacterial, viral or fungal infections
History of latent or active tuberculosis
History of blood clots in the past year

Women, Ages 18-45
Do or do not have endometriosis
Have normal blood pressure
Use of nicotine-containing products (e.g. smoking, chewing tobacco, etc.)
High Blood Pressure
Abnormal liver function
Known allergy statins (Lipitor)
Pregnant or Breastfeeding

Traveled to the U.S. with a spouse who was enrolled at Penn State
Understands spoken English
Is not a student at Penn State OR was not a student when you first arrived

Speak English as primary language
Normal or corrected to normal vision
Normal hearing
With or without a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder or Asperger syndrome
Cannot speak sentence length English
Vision problems (uncorrected)
Hearing problems

Radiologists with different levels of experience
Healthy adults, with college or advanced degree
Normal or corrected to normal vision
Non-English speaking
Pregnant or lactating
Presence of pacemaker, aneurysm clips, or any metal in the body
A history of welding or grinding
Claustraphobia

Histological diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (pure or mixed) with radiologic or histologic evidence of metastatic disease
Prior cancer treatment must be completed at least 14 dats prior to study registration and the subject must have recovered from all reversible acute toxic effects of the regimen (other than alopecia) to Grade 1 or less baseline
ECOG Performance Status 0-1 within 28 days prior to registration
Demonstrate adequate organ function based on necessary screening labs to be obtained within 28 days prior to registration
Females of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 28 days prior to registration
Active infection requiring systemic therapy
Brain metastases or spinal cord compression
Pregnant or breastfeeding
Treatment with any investigational drug within 14 days prior to study registration
Current or prior use of immunosuppresive medication within 28 days before the first dose of durvalumab, with the exceptions of intranasal and inhaled corticosteroids or systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses

Cognitively-normal H&Y stage 1 PD patients. A physician-documented parkinsonian symptom onset between the ages of 40-59. 1st visit prior to age 65. PD stage I diagnosis must be documented for a min of 2 years.
Cognitively-normal H&Y stage 2 PD patients. H&Y stage 2, as defined by an exam in the practically defined “off” state, and have a diagnosis of PD at the age of 59 or younger. 1st visit prior to age 65
Healthy participants between ages 40-64 at their first visit.
Able and willing to provide informed consent
Fluent in written and spoken English
Parkinson-plus syndrome
Dementia
Previous antipsychotic or anti-dopamine drug therapy
Traumatic head injury
Other neurological diseases or disorders

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
BMI >=25 to <=45
In good general health
Willing to avoid pregnancy for duration of study
Currently pregnant or desire of pregnancy
Currently breastfeeding
Untreated thyroid disease
Untreated hyperprolactinemia
Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes

Must be able to travel to Hershey Medical Center for 12 visits
Must be diagnosed with HS for 1 year prior to study participation
Must be willing to perform self injections at home
Prior treatment of Humira or other biologics for the treatment of HS

Relapsed or refractory B-cell or T-cell ALL after multi-agent chemotherapy(≥ 5% marrow lymphoblasts, assessed by morphology and flow cytometry
ECOG performance status 0-2
Creatinine clearance of at least 50 mL/min within 7 days prior to first dose of study agent
Adequate liver function with AST/ALT less than 3X upper limit of normal and total bilirubin less than 2 mg/dL within 7 days prior to first dose of study agent
Circulating WBC count must not be above 20 x10^9/L within 7 days prior to first dose of study agent
Pregnant or breast-feeding due to risk of fetal harm by the chemotherapeutic agents prescribed in this protocol
Evidence of isolated extramedullary relapse (i.e., testicular or CNS)
Serious medical or psychiatric illness that in the opinion of the primary investigator is likely to interfere with study participation may not be enrolled
Poorly controlled HIV, or CD4 < 400. HIV positive patients are allowed on this study if they have a CD4 count greater than or equal to 400, and are on a stable antiviral regimen
Patients with NYHA Class III or IV heart failure, uncontrolled angina, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, or electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia may not be enrolled

Must be 40-80 years of age
Have a diagnosis of IPF within the past 5 years
Unchanged dose of pirfenidone or nintedanib for at least 12 weeks if currently taking these medications
Respiratory exacerbation or hospitalization in the last 3 months
Taking both pirfenidone and nintedanib simultaneously in the past 12 weeks
Lung transplant anticipated during the study
Known history of liver cirrhosis
Active smoker or cessation in the past 12 weeks

A clinical diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke in the MCA territory within 10 hours of symptom onset
Aged 18 to 85 years old, inclusive, at the time of informed consent
Screening NIHSS ≥10
In the judgment of the Investigator, the subject is likely to have supportive care withdrawn in the first day
Commitment to decompressive craniectomy (DC) prior to enrollment
Evidence (clinical or imaging) of concurrent infarction in the contralateral hemisphere deemed by the Investigator to be sufficiently serious so as to affect functional outcome
Clinical signs of herniation and/or loss of other brain stem reflexes, attributable to edema or herniation according to the Investigator’s judgment
Brain hemorrhage (other than small petechial/punctate hemorrhages) on NCCT/MRI